Is money a motivator Essay

Question 1 In the business environment people are constantly motivated to perform tasks to get to a desired outcome. When we look at the motivational theory of Maslow we can clearly establish that our needs depend on what we already have. His hierarchy show the most basic needs of individuals to the self-actualisation witch lies at the top being the best you can be. The most basic needs on the needs hierarchy had to be satisfied before the next level of needs emerge. Hertzberg theory lays out the difference between the motivational factors for example achievement and responsibility to the hygiene factors at the work place. The hygiene factors only play a role when they are not present in the working environment. If for example you have bad interpersonal relationships with your fellow employees or a bad salary, if the organisation provides these factors there will not be any dissatisfaction but they don’t contribute to an employee motivation. But what really motivates us to perform these tasks. We are not as endlessly manipulative and predictable as we think. In general when you reward something you will get more of the behaviour you want and when you punish something you will get less of the desired behaviour. Almost everyone when they were little would perform a simple task if their parents would give them a monetary reward, for example if you wash the car we will give you ten rand. In this case money acts as the motivator to complete the basic task. This is an example of the expectancy theory if you do the task you get the reward. This theory will always apply to basic mechanical task. When the task is more difficult or a rudimental cognitive skill is needed to complete a task money seems to fail as a motivator according to a study done at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). When creative thinking and high level of skill and knowledge is required to complete difficult tasks money will fail over and over again as a motivator. As a fact the higher the rewards or incentives lead to poor performance. This is actually quite the opposite of what we expected. Money is a motivator at work that is a fact  but it does not add value to the job. In conclusion, we strongly believe that money is indeed the biggest motivator  in the workplace. Based on the points and statements above, we can clearly see that money is indeed the important factor that motivates people at the workplace. Money is regarded as a very high reward for the individuals that have worked hard for it. It is also regarded as the highest form of reward for employees. The higher the pay grade, the higher the recognition they receive from their employers as well as from the working mates. Finally, we conclude that money is indeed the most important factor that motivates individuals at the work place. http://www.forbes.com/2010/04/06/money-motivation-pay-leadership-managing-employees.html http://writefix.com/?page_id=1799 http://www.custom-essays.org/samples/Is_money_an_effective_motivator_at_work.html http://www.ukessays.com/essays/commerce/money-is-the-biggest-motivator-commerce-essay.php http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/15346.html http://www.studymode.com/essays/Money-Motivation-1574966.html

Tecsmart Electronics Case Study

CASE STUDY: CHAPTER 2 I. TECSMART ELECTRONICS 1. ) Discuss how the practices that TecSmart identified support Deming’s 14 points. * Create a Vision  and demonstrate commitment- The senior leaders set objectives (mission and vision) and strategic goals of the company. * Learn the new philosophy- The company uses customer feedback, and market research to learn new philosophy and improve quality of work. * Institute trainings – All employees are trained in a 5-step problem solving process and undergo customer relationship training. Improve Constantly and Forever – New product introduction teams work with design engineers and customers to ensure that design requirements are met during the manufacturing and testing. The company goes for a market research to come up with new products and designs. 2. ) How do these practices support the Baldrige criteria? Specifically, identify which of the questions in the criteria each of these practices address. * Leadership â€⠀œ Senior leaders guide cross-functional teams to review and develop individual plans for representation to employees. Strategic Planning- Senior leaders set company objectives * Customer and Market Focus- All complaints are handled by the vice president of sales. All employees received customer relationship training. * Human resource focus- All employees were trained for handling problems. * Process Management – All employees trained in 5 step problem solving process. * Business Results – Quality is assessed through internal audits, employee opinion surveys, and customer feedback. 3. ) What are some obvious opportunities for improvement relative to the Baldrige criteria?What actions would you recommend that TecSmart do to improve its pursuit of performance excellence using Baldrige criteria? * Key results areas were not defined. * The organization must become active in its governance and social responsibility measures. * Lack of performance measure system that looks i nto real time marketplace performance, and operational performance. II. Can Six Sigma Work in Health Care? 1. What would be your agenda for this meeting? Stress about accountability and recognize any achievements. 2. What questions would you need answered before proposing a Six Sigma implementation plan?Questions like does everyone understand our goal why we are implementing this Six Sigma plan and how it can help us improve. Question about S-M-A-R-T should also take into consideration. (Is it systematic, measureable, attainable, realistic, time bound? ) 3. How would you design an infrastructure to support Six Sigma at SLRMC? I will let everyone know that the effectively of Six Sigma depend on making decisions that are critical to your customers and the health of your business. it forces us to think strategically and critically where to allocate our limited resources to fix the most critical issues. CDL

Seven pounds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Seven pounds - Essay Example Tim Thomas, the main character of the film performed by Will Smith, suffers from a crash accident and kills seven people. Tim wants to save the lives of seven people. He donates his organs to other people. This is unusual type of films challenges the contemporaries with an interesting way of plot’s interpretation. The essence of the film In the last episode Tim wants to help Connie Tepos (Elpidia Carrillo) and saves her life and the lives of her two children. The last two people, saved by Tim, are Ezra Turner (Woody Harrelson) and a blind meat salesman playing the piano. The last donation is made for Emily Posa (Rosario Dawson), when Tim wants to donate a heart for her. Finally, he starts falling in love with this girl. A story of their feelings is impressive and the audience has a perfect opportunity to think about the essential and basic feelings of every individual–love and intimacy. There is no doubt that these guys would have perfect relations, but Tim’s sins do not let him go and his conscience and mind gain power over his emotions and feelings. Therefore, this film is not only about physical pain, but also about emotional and psychological sufferings. There is much darkness and depression in this film, but there is no doubt that there are much spiritual issues in this film. ... Moral values are substituted by monetary and financial concerns. The main character of Will Smith is described in the following way: â€Å"His breeziness becomes a shallow act, and his smile becomes downright eerie, a strained mask that hides pain, wards off hostility and expresses aggression all at the same time. It's a smile with dead  eyes† (LaSalle, 2008). Nevertheless, a feeling of love reincarnate his dead eyes and he is able to be inspired by one of the greatest feelings of the world. There is much romanticism in this film, as well as there is much drama. This film is for different tastes and the audience thankfully follows the development of the events in the film. Will Smith persuades the viewers that the most precious thing in the world is life. He made people lose their lives, but in the result of this horrible accident he did not suffer from having lost his own life. He compensated his debt in the face of God and he is strong enough and a rather responsible perso n to show that he is emotionally stable and spiritually strong person. The actions of Tim are reviewed in the following way: â€Å"But all the narrative trickery and emotional manipulation only serves to put Ben further out of the audience's reach, as he moves through the plot like a single-minded Terminator without motivations we can grasp† (Critical Analysis of Seven Pounds). On the one hand, the main character of the film is self-concentrated and a reserved person, but on the other hand, he is a connecting link between different aspects of the film’s world. Sentimental performance of Will Smith is both dramatic and philosophic. The audience is puzzled by the ability to wonder about the real essence and the central plot of the film (Film review – Seven Pounds 2008). A perfect

Social networks and the internet shrink our understanding of the Essay - 1

Social networks and the internet shrink our understanding of the world. Argue your position on this statement - Essay Example At the initial stages, the excitement and hype involved in the development of new technology prevent to outlook the negative consequences. It becomes hard to find any people who are not connected to any forms of social media. The prime purpose of the report is to argue on the statement the internet and the social networks can shrink the people’s understanding of the world. The emergence of social media is a perfect intermediate for individual to connect with each other via internet. The introduction of social media has completely altered the human relationship dynamics in to new perspective. The pivotal cause of drastic growth of this new technology is the ability of creating user-generated content. The downside of the causal connection in electronic surroundings can shrink the understanding of the world. Recent survey states that, more than 90% of the total world population is some way or another connected to social media and internet (Giuffre, 2013, p.18). This resembles the massive growth of social media has encouraged people to provide power in their hand and can act as a communication tool. Social media has become an inevitable part of human lives as it created a global reach for human beings to share information, knowledge and communicate. In today’s society, routines and daily patterns of internet and social media has become more popular due to the upsurge of number of internet users (Lyron, 2010, p.8). According to Georgetown University, â€Å"the rise of social media and internet means that everyone is critic and publisher†. According to Ethan Zuckerman, the enormous amount of information can be acquired from social media and internet but problem arises when people do not necessarily know about the information and knowledge that are required to know about the world (Johnson, 2010, p.78). It is true that, the wider expansion of social media has benefited people to gain knowledge and discover

American Dream in Interpretation by David Kamp Essay

American Dream in Interpretation by David Kamp - Essay Example As the paper outlines, David Kamp presents many cultural scenarios and statistical information in his account of the American dream in the early and mid-twentieth century. He demonstrates how the American dream has been achieved in the past, at least on the surface. The living standards have improved; prosperity in life having solidified the widely accepted perceptions of the abundance in the American dream. Kamp additionally notes, on the other hand, that the American Dream has transformed from a national model for an improved, satisfying and joyous life to a debt-burdened truth motivated by excessive spending and the celebrity euphoria. Putting into perspective on a huge dissatisfaction among American and non-American dreamers, Kamp explains that the society’s expectation of the American Dream and what the dream promises are what needs to be altered, and our comprehension of what the fuzzy and loosely used phrase the American Dream is in fact meant to be. In almost all of th e American cultural sequence of events, the Dream has been regular. The American dream euphoria has continuously been generated from the Four Freedoms as described by one of Americas former presidents Franklin D. Roosevelts to modern televised shows such as Americas Next Top Model and Americas Got Talent. All aspects of the American perceived society - social, cultural, economic and political - can be dealt with through the dreams rubric. Even though the phrase was not created until late 1933, its sense, principles, and models have been around for the time when Jefferson declared the unalienable rights of freedom, life and the quest for happiness. Researchers have repeatedly positioned the American Dream origin inside the Puritan enterprise and marked it all the way in American history.

Make me a Millionaire Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Make me a Millionaire - Coursework Example My fast goal as a financial advisor is to commend your financial achievement by having an income is an excellent start for a young person of this age. My other advice will be to look at your spending tied to this income. As a coach, I will advise that set money goals by financially planning your present and future spending? This applies to all sphere of life. Those who become financially independence clear their debts. As time elapsed, it will be accruing interest which will tie money needed for investment. Set a paying mechanism of the loan by paying $6,450 every year including interest for ten years. This is because the loan has a low-interest rate no need to rush paying it. After paying this loan at $2,150 yearly. This money freed for saving for 21 years will go to a fixed deposit account and the money, which, use to pay the loan, should also be tied to mutual fund $4,300 including and the 10% saving been saving for ten years. The remaining $19,970 after paying the 401k pension pr ogram. The 4% on 401k will help gain 50% match put aside $4,464 to pay the credit card for five years. After the five years, assume the payment still continues and channel the fund to savings account for 26 years that will total $116,064 when turning 55 years. Purchase personal life insurance cover by paying a premium of $750 from the remaining $15,506. The insurance cover will help in any uncertainty of ill health and personal accident which can render one an unemployable. If you want to become financially independent - spend wisely!

Racism in the United States of America Coursework

Racism in the United States of America - Coursework Example With one step forward to curb the vice, America has appeared to make another step behind in the matters concerning racial understanding (Wise, 2013). In the last century, the face of racism was largely whites against blacks, but today racism is multi-colored and has a multicultural face; it has expanded to include antagonism among people of different cultures. Americans made history by electing Barrack Obama as the President of the most powerful nation on the earth. Obama defied expectations in the campaigns by influencing the citizens with his call for hope and change. Since the country chose a black President, some quarters have suggested that racial barriers have been broken. They claim that the long-standing social chauvinism against blacks is a thing of the past since Americans chose a black person to govern them. Some events in the recent past indicate that America has a long way to go so as to have equity among all races (Wise, 2013). The number of people arrested and jailed in the last few decades has increased in America. A majority of the arrests has been associated with the fight against drugs. Although both the whites and blacks have been involved in the illegal activity, the blacks comprised the majority of the people who got arrested. A report by Human Rights Watch in 2008 indicated that although the blacks comprise 14% of the of drug abusers, 37% of the individuals arrested for the offense were black Americans. Consequently, blacks, who comprise 13% of the American population and about 15% of drug abusers, are 37% of the offenders put in custody because of drug crimes (Miah, 2010). Statistics indicate that the police check blacks and Latinos at a higher rate when compared to the whites. In the city of New York, 80% of the police stop involved blacks and Latinos.

Home visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Home visit - Essay Example When the cardiac output decreases, the heart is not able to circulate the blood from the lungs and other body parts leading to the inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients (Grand Canyon University, 2014). Hypertension is a chronic medical condition that occurs in instances when the force of the blood against the artery wall is high causing various health complications such as heart disease and coronary artery disease. Atrial fibrillation is a sporadic and a rapid heart rate that usually causes poor blood flow to the body. The atria and the ventricle chambers beat out of coordination in an irregular pattern causing the poor flow of blood. Dyspnea refers to the sensation of labored or difficult breathing that heralds serious complication in the lungs or the heart. Increase inaccumulated fat may result to obesity and it is usually signified by an increase in weight. Cheat pain may herald the occurrence of heart problem though may occur because of chest infections. According to the simulated â€Å"Home Visit with Sallie Mae Fisher† video, the following evidences reveal the four major complications affecting the patient. Sallie Mae Fisher has a history of the chronic congestive heart failure whereby in the past six months she has been hospitalized four times in order to receive medication of her deteriorating heart failure. Her problem with hypertension is evident from her history because her blood pressure is 90/56 (Grand Canyon University, 2014). Her history with atrial fibrillation indicates that Sallie Mae Fisher has the ailment. Sallie Mae Fisher’s dyspnea condition is evidenced by the fact that the previous Saturday she was discharged from the hospital after a three-day stay to treat the condition. Her complication with obese is indicated by the 8- pound increase in her weight. The continuous exacerbation of Sallie Mae Fisher’s CFH evidence the chest pain she is undergoing. In order to manage her ill condition, Sallie Mae Fisher is required to observe

Does the rise in online shopping mean the end for retail high street Essay

Does the rise in online shopping mean the end for retail high street shops - Essay Example The aims of this study were to identify the phenomenon of online shopping and probe the various factors that either promote it or hinder it. The research also addressed the issue if online shopping would effectively replace street shopping. This was sought to be done through the analysis of existing literature in the area and through primary research involving a sample of online shoppers. The literature review also included analysis of secondary data and presenting of major findings and arguments from such secondary data apart from looking for major theoretical and empirical arguments which may supplant the findings of primary research in this study. Primary research design was phenomenological with focus on studying the phenomenon of online shopping. The research method was triangulation wherein two quantitative surveys were administered to a common sample of respondents to probe online shopping behaviour in general and specifically in reference to online purchase of printers' cartr idges. The findings literature review established that online shopping has been growing by leaps and bounds across the globe. US and UK markets, in particular were examined and both exhibited growing volumes of online business and e-commerce.

HOMEWORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

HOMEWORK - Essay Example Q1 (II): considering that the ratio of trade is 1:1 and that north is more efficient in producing both left and right shoes as compared to the south, the north will consume 70 pairs of shoes. That is, the north would rather not trade. On the other hand, with no increase in the number of workers in the south, they can only consume one pair of shoes if they give up one-left shoes for one right shoe (Miles & Scott 15-72). Q1 (III): assuming that there still are 10 workers in the North, the new exchange rate will be (300:3000), (100:1000) = 1:10. Therefore, the North could decide to exchange 30 left shoes for 300 right shoes. In this case, the number of pairs of shoes consumed will be 300 (Miles & Scott 15-72). Q2: the Federal reserve governor meant that in the year 2005, the payment made by the U.S for importing services and other visible and invisible goods were more than those received; leading to a current account deficit. In the process, the value of US currency decreased making U.S products cheaper in the international market. A decreased U.S currency means an increase in the value of foreign currencies leading to low foreign prices, thus low interest rate in the long-run (Arize 35-67). Q3: when the Government’s purchases increase during a war, consumption is concentrated on ammunitions. The country will heavily import the war machines than exports. This will lead to a deficit in trade account (a negative balance). To pay for the imported machines, more local currency will be supplied in the foreign exchange market than is demanded. Due to more supply than demand, the local currency will lose its value. The decreased value will be reflected in the exchange rate. Therefore, the real exchange rate will be lower. That is, the real price of the local currency against foreign currencies will be lower. The aforementioned effects would take place, whether a local or a

The Mona Lisa Essay Example for Free

The Mona Lisa Essay The Mona Lisa is perhaps Leonardo Da Vinci’s most famous of paintings. It is an oil painting, painted on poplar wood. The painting is most famous for the smile of the woman, which people have been trying to decipher for a long time. Many believe that the portrait is that of Da Vinci himself, while many also place a lot mystic connections with this painting. The portrait depicts a woman’s bust, with a distant landscape that is visible in the backdrop. Leonardo used a pyramid design to install in simple and calm manner within the painting. The woman is shown with her hands folded, with her breast, neck, and face painted the same color as her hands. The light is diffused so that the various curves and geometrical shapes on the painting are made visible through it. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the painting is the woman’s smile. Many believe that it is innocent and inviting, while others believe that of smugness and a smirk. Many scientific studies have been undertaken to determine the exact nature of the smile and the real reason remains a mystery. It is believed that every person sees the smile differently because of the changes in the lightning that Leonardo presented. The woman is shown seated in an open area, and behind her is a vast landscape, which recedes to an icy mountain. Some winding paths and a far away bridge is also perceptible in the background. The painting is an amazing one should definitely take a look at it in order to appreciate its full beauty. The painting is currently on display at the Musee du Louvre, in Paris.

Lowering Drinking Age Essay Example for Free

Lowering Drinking Age Essay In the United States government, there are many politicians that have to make difficult decisions that affect its citizens in their everyday lives. One frequently asked question by the people in America today is why does the government believe 21 is the proper age to legally allow drinking of alcoholic beverages. Over 200 countries in the world do not have a legal drinking age. Many say if you are tall enough to stand at a bar, you are old enough to get a drink. In America, would lowering the drinking age to 18 decrease or increase the number of college students binge drinking? What if we gave our youth the proper education about alcohol? Then, if they did decide to drink, could they act as responsible adults having that knowledge? Another question frequently asked is would lowering the drinking age to 18, increase or decrease highway fatalities? We as a nation have tried prohibition twice trying to control irresponsible drinking problems in the past. So, should we take a risk and try to come up with a plan to lower the drinking age to 18? Or, alternatively, should we keep the legal drinking age at 21? When a person turns 18 years old in America, they are considered an adult in society. They now have the responsibility to fight in wars, to vote, to serve on a jury, to legally get married and so forth. A person who is 18 can do all these things. So, why is it that they do not have to right to choose if they want to drink a bottle of beer or a glass of wine? Do you really think drinking a beer is an act of greater responsibility and maturity than voting or going to war for your country? I feel that the youth in our nation is not getting the proper education on the facts behind alcohol. Thus, when a person does decide to drink, they do so irresponsibly. Most people who drink irresponsibly find themselves moving like zombies once intoxicated. One approach to this issue is requiring an individual who is 18 years old to attend an alcohol education class. This would be similar to the requirements for getting your drivers license. In the alcohol education class, they would teach you facts, have group meetings with people who have been alcoholics in the past (AA meetings), conduct tests throughout the course and a final at the end to ensure a thorough understanding of drinking responsibly and the consequences of not doing so. When completed, the person would receive a license allowing he or she to go into liquor stores, pubs, bars, etc. to purchase alcohol products that they want. However, if they choose to violate the license in any way, it will be taken away. If you are the kind of person who does not like to drink alcohol, good news! You do not have to take the class if you do not want. I do think this class would be good in helping our youth understand the harmful affects that alcohol can have on our bodies and how dangerous it can really be if you are not responsible with it. As students go to college, studies have shown that more and more students are â€Å"binge drinkers† today than ever before. A binge drinker is someone who consumes five or more alcoholic drinks in a given sitting. Dr. John McCardells is the founder of a group called the Amethyst initiative. They have a theory that by lowering the drinking age it will actually reduce the number of binge drinking on college campuses throughout the United States. Over 100 of our nations top colleges such as Duke, Ohio State, Dartmouth are all calling on lawmakers to consider lowering the drinking age to 18. This debate has been going on for quite some time now. Lets stop scratching our heads and come up with an approach to this situation. There have been deaths in the past when an underage person drank too much and died because his or her friends did not want to call the cops because they knew they would have been in trouble. A similar incident as this happened to a student named Gordy Bailey. Gordy was a freshman at Boulder College in Colorado. Boulder is a school known for its party scene. He planned to join a fraternity called Sigma Chi and in order to do so, he had to drink ten gallons of hard liquor or wine. They are not sure how much Gordy actually drank that night but estimated that he had 15 to 20 shots in under a half hour. After they were done drinking, they went back to the fraternity house and by the time they got there Gordy was to the point that he could not even walk. His fraternity friends did not dare to call the police in order to get help and risk getting in trouble for underage drinking. Unfortunately, the decision that they made was not the right one. They called the police the next morning but it was too late. Gordy Bailey died that night from alcohol poisoning. Had the drinking age been 18, Gordy’s fraternity friends could have called the police to get him medical attention. There are many situations that occur every year which are very similar to Gordy Bailey’s story. However, many do not think we should take a different approach to this problem. Mark Beckner, the Chief of Police in Boulder, Colorado, is one of the few Chief of Police in America who agrees with Dr. John McCardells theory and supports lowering the drinking age. In an interview with 60 Minutes he said, â€Å"We can’t enforce something that unenforceable and all we are doing is doing is pushing drinking more and more underground, essentially making it very dangerous. † People need to learn that prohibition does not work, we should know this already from the past already. Let us not let history repeat itself yet again. † A person’s life is no less precious off the road than it is on the road. There is an organization called MADD, which stands for Mothers Against Drunk Driving. MADD is an organization that opposes the idea of lowering the drinking age. One of the biggest issues they have regarding lowering the drinking age is highway fatalities that involve a drunk driver. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines a fatal crash as alcohol-related if a driver had a estimated blood alcohol level of 0. 01 or above. Alcohol-related traffic fatalities, better known as drunken driving fatalities, were the key factors behind the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984. Yes, over the years, statistics have shown that the number of alcohol-related fatalities have decreased and this is true for all ages, not just people who are under 21. Statistics show that approximately 1,000 people from the ages 18 to 24 die a year from alcohol-related accidents. However, the numbers are very similar with people who are dying behind closed doors. I believe the drinking age should be lowered to 18 because if someone can go to war and die for his or her country, he or she should be able to have the right to choose if he or she wants a beer or a glass of wine. Based on facts, the current prohibition laws are not working. We need to come up with an alternative approach. We have tried prohibition in the past and learned very quickly that it was not very productive. Let us learn from our mistakes and put an end to pushing our youth to drink further and further underground. In other countries, alcohol is not seen as a poison, there is little or no social pressure to drink, and irresponsible drinking is never tolerated. Parents and other family members teach their kids at home how to drink in a responsible manner. Since the 21 year old drinking law is not working, maybe we could approach this situation as people would in a different country.

Homosexuality In Modern Day Society | Religious and Societal Views

Homosexuality In Modern Day Society | Religious and Societal Views Homosexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior among members of the same sex. It refers to an enduring patterns of or disposition to experience sexual, affection, or romantic attractions primarily to people of the same sex. It is an individuals sense of personal and social identity based on those attractions, behaviors expressing them, and membership in a community of those who share them. Homosexuality nowadays, leads to Same-Sex Marriage, according to Oxford English Dictionary; it is a legally or socially recognized marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or social gender. It is in which other country like Netherlands is in favor of Same-Sex Marriage; while other country, particularly the Philippines does not agree or even implement the Same-Sex Marriage. Since that the Philippines is the only Catholic country and Christian dominan country in Asia and it is 3rd in the world, we Filipinos live in a family-oriendted family. Hence, we are raised up with different values which include the Moral Values we obtain from the teachings of the Bible; the sacred book of Christianity. If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. (Leviticus 20:13) There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel. Thou shalt not bring the hire of a whore, or the price of a dog, into the house of the LORD thy God for any vow: for even both these are abominations unto the LORD thy God. (Deuteronomy 23:17-18) As years pass by, there are a lot of incidents which pertains to the Same-Sex Marriage. And as a growing community, authority speaks out and commented on the issue. Pope Benedict XVI gave his comment regarding the issue. He merely opposed to gay/lesbian marriage concerning about the environment, suggesting the law determining the differences between the sexes were threats to creation. Comments were made by the Pope addressing it to the Diplomats with the main theme of The Environment and the protection of Creation, whereas; To carry our reflection further, we must remember that the problem of the environment is complex; one might compare it to a multifaceted prism. Creature differs from one another and can be protected, endangered, in different ways, as we know from daily experience. One such attacks comes from laws or proposals which, in the name of fighting discrimination, strike at the biological basis of the differences between the sexes, Yet, freedom cannot be absolute, since man is not GOD, GODS CREATION. For man, the path to be taken cannot be determined by caprice or willfulness, but must rather correspond to the structure willed by the creator. (qtd in. Gay Marriage threat to Creation) In lieu with this, Pope Benedict XVI, disagree in Same-Sex Marriage. Our body is sacred and its sacredness leads to the respect of each and every one of us. It is indeed that each and every one of us has our own side on the issue Same-Sex Marriage. Each religious group that is existing right now has their own stand regarding the issue. Islamic law explicitly denounces homosexuality and the practice of homosexuality is a crime in many Islamic countries, including Iran and Saudi Arabia. Although the Presbyterian Churchs governing body has not explicitly addressed the issue of gay marriage, the church issued a ruling in 1997 prohibiting the ordination of homosexuals. Regional bodies and clergy, however, have challenged this ruling, causing a major rift among Presbyterians. Although the Episcopal Church has not explicitly established a position in favor of gay marriage, in 2006 the church stated its support of gay and lesbian persons and [opposition to] any state or federal constitutional amendment prohibiting gay marriages or civil unions. Furthermore, in 2009, the churchs national convention voted to give bishops the option to bless same-sex unions. While the Reform and Reconstructionist Jewish movements are ardent supporters of gay and lesbian rights, including the right of same-sex couples to wed, they do not require rabbis to officiate at the weddings of gay couples. The Conservative movement, which does not sanctify gay marriage, grants autonomy to individual rabbis to choose whether or not to recognize same-sex unions. The leadership of Orthodox Judaism has defined marriage as an institution between a man and a woman and therefore does not accept same-sex marriage. The essence of having a happy and healthy life is having a family. Family, in a sense that love and caring is within its family members. Sexual interactions between same sexes are not capable of having a family. Indeed, it is a very factual line that each of us agree. Same-Sex Marriage as a matter of fact is not socially accepted here in the Philippines. These may lead to the discrimination of the homosexuals, bisexuals, transgender and others who belong to the third sex. According to House Bill 1245, authored by Rep. Rozzano Rufino Ruffy Biazon, it is the amendment of the countrys Family Code to limit the marriage to natural born males and females only. Regards to this House Bill is the Total Ban of Same-Sex Marriage here in our country. On the other hand, Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago filed Senate Bill No. 1276 which aims to bar the Same-Sex Marriages celebrated abroad from getting legal recognition here in the Philippines. This Bill seeks to correct the Family Code, which does not explicitly void Same-Sex Marriage which was solemnized abroad. Marriage is a Union founded on the distinction of sex. (qtd. in Bill 1276) As a Senate counterpart of House Bill 1245, Sen. Rodolfo Biazon filed Senate Bill No. 1575. A reaction to a number of rulings made by local courts which allow every citizen who are transsexuals to change their status from male to female. with recent developments in the field of medicine, it is now possible to allow or to change a persons sex organ to make it appear as that of the opposite sex. In this Bill, it prohibits marriage between two men or two women, whom one of it had a sex organ exchange in which the Vatican disagree. (House 1245) These Bills are all pending cases in the House Committee on Youth, Women and Family Relations. In which these Bills were merely discussed, evaluated and argued by the respectable Representatives and Senators of the Republic of the Philippines. Issues are made due to Same-Sex Marriage which leads to the societal problems and misunderstandings. We respect every human being in this world. Due to issues which damage the image of third sexes, many organizations and governing bodies were born, in order to protect the Civil Rights of each Third Sex. Each organization has its goal to end the discrimination and the criminalization towards the Third sexes. Laws protecting the Homosexuals were made and implemented. But there are only states who are merely implementing these laws. Gay Rights Movement, an organization organized in America, which efforts were made in order for the Homosexuals to be treated equally among others. It aims that each Homosexuals must be respected and must not experience Discrimination from others. (Gay 95) Many non profits, non partisan networks of the third sexes boomed here in the Philippines. These are Organizations and Individuals who are working towards achieving a society free from all forms of Discrimination, particularly those who are based on gender or sexual orientation. Lesbian and Gay Legislative Advocacy Network-Philippines was formally launched in 1999. Its purpose is to advance and protect the Human Rights and fundamental freedoms of each Filipino who belongs to the Third Sex, especially in the area of Politics and Legislations. Its advocacy is to push for laws that will promote the Third Sex Rights and Welfare. Indeed, campaigns were made to influence publics discourse on Sexuality and to raise the influence awareness of every Filipino regarding the situation of Lesbians and Gays. Another organization here in the Philippines is the LADLAd, a network of Lesbian, Gays, Bisexuals, and transgender Filipinos. An organization formed last September 1, 2003. Magladlad means to unfurl the cape that used to cover ones body as a shield. It simply means that each and every one of us who are experiencing something different relating to gender, must come out of the closet and reveals whats inside and to standout with dignity. And as a result, you will find yourself to be free and respectable. Ladlad run for a Party-list for Congress last elections and they bound to make History as the first ever political party which composed of different Filipinos from the Third Sex that will claim and reclaim the rights that the Third Sexes lost from years of homophobia and Discrimination. They aims to be the organization which will provide comfort to the Third Sex. And a sandigan of the needy homosexuals who are abused, simply because of belonging to the third Sex. Ladlad also aims the following platforms, whereas; Support for the Anti-Discrimination Bill that gives LGBT Filipinos equal opportunities in employment and equal treatment in schools, hospitals, restaurants, hotels, entertainment centers, and government offices. Re-filing of the bill to repeal the Anti-Vagrancy Law that some unscrupulous policemen use to extort bribes from gay men without ID cards; Setting up of micro-finance and livelihood projects for poor and handicapped LGBT Filipinos; Setting up of centers for Golden Gays, or old and abandoned LGBTs, as well as young ones driven out of their homes. The centers will also offer legal aid and counseling, as well as information about LGBT issues, HIV-AIDS, and reproductive health. These centers will be set up initially in the key cities/metropolitan areas of the Philippines Baguio, National Capital Region, Cebu and Davao. (Ladlad 101) They differ in names, but they have their same goals and achievements. Campaigning in prohibiting the Discrimination of the Third Sexes. Due to the issues and governing bodies which support Third Sex, effect cannot be vanished from this kind of scenarios. Each event that took place have effects. It may be Positive or Negative effects that can change or affects us, in a manner that we are concern in whats the real score between the issue- Same-Sex Marriage. According to Dr. Ambert, Same-Sex Marriage has possible positive and negative effect to children. She also stressed that through the vivid image that children saw in their Environment, really affects them in a good and bad manner. It is not whether children should be raised by same-sex parents, it is whether same-sex parents should be allowed to marry , or they ,must simply lived together-perhaps-with children under a status less than marriage, with reduced recognition and support by the state. (Same 97) Children would benefit led by a family composing of Same-Sex Marriage. Without question, civil marriage enhances the welfare of the community. It is a social institution of the highest importance. French v. McAnarney, supra. Civil marriage anchors an ordered society by encouraging stable relationships over transient ones. It is central to the way the Commonwealth identifies individuals, provides for the orderly distribution of property, ensures that children and adults are cared for and supported whenever possible from private rather than public funds, and tracks important epidemiological and demographic data..Where a married couple has children, their children are also directly or indirectly, but no less auspiciously, the recipients of the special legal and economic protections obtained by civil marriage..marital children reap a measure of family stability and economic security based on their parents legally privileged status that is largely inaccessible, or not as readily accessible, to non-marital children. Some of these benefits are social, such as the enhanced approval that still attends the status of being a marital child. Others are material, such as the greater ease of access to family-based State and Federal benefits that attend the presumptions of ones parentage. (qtd. In More on the Hawaii Same-Sex Civil Marriage Case.) Some would argue that when a state allows SSM, the public will gradually become more accepting of homosexual orientation and behavior. They will agree with professional mental health associations and recognize it as a normal, natural, unchosen and unchangeable sexual orientation for a minority of adults. This will reduce levels of discrimination, hatred, and oppression against gays and lesbians, and reduce the levels of ridicule that their children receive from fellow students. Dr. Ambert comments that: Lesbigays who have children often create a network of fictive kin or chosen family (friends, former partners, and willing relatives) for social and emotional support as well as to offer their children suitable adult role models of the other sex. This support network may be entirely gay but generally represents a mixture. This arrangement gives children many additional role models in their life, that children in families led by opposite-sex couples may not have. (Same 97) Many religious and social conservatives disagree completely with professional mental health organizations and believe that homosexuality is abnormal, unnatural, chosen and changeable. Most disapprove of equal rights for gays and lesbians, including the right to marry the individual that they love. Many believe that homosexual behavior is hated by God. If these beliefs are true, then one might argue: 1. Children raised in families led by same-sex parents would be continually exposed to homosexuality. They may choose to become gay or lesbian at a higher rate than those raised by a father and mother. 2. Men and women have very different personalities, brain structure, talents, etc. They are designed to fit into very different roles within the family. In order for children to be properly socialized, they need to be brought up by both a father and a mother. The long range effects on children who are brought up by two women or two men are unknown and can only be speculated upon. 3. God may punish same-sex parents. This might adversely affect the children in their family. 4. God may also punish the nation as a whole if SSM is legalized. That would harm all children in the nation. 5. Children of same-sex couples will be exposed to a great deal of ridicule and hatred by their fellow students. This could negatively affect their development. (Same 99) Issues concerning health has an effect on Same-Sex Marriage. Sexually transmitted diseases (also known as STDs or STIs for sexually transmitted infections) are infectious diseases that spread from person to person through intimate contact. STDs can affect guys and girls of all ages and backgrounds who are having sex it doesnt matter if theyre rich or poor. () Unfortunately, STDs have become common among teens and also sex by the same-sex. Because same gender which is having sex is more at risk for getting some STDs, its important to learn what you can do to protect yourself. STDs are more than just an embarrassment. Theyre a serious health problem. If untreated, some STDs can cause permanent damage, such as infertility (the inability to have a baby) and even death (in the case of HIV/AIDS). Some of the things that increase a persons chances of getting an STD are: Sexual activity at a young age. The younger a person starts having sex, the greater his or her chances of becoming infected with an STD. Lots of sex partners. People who have sexual contact not just I I ntercourse, but any form of intimate activity with many different partners are more at risk than those who stay with the same partner. Unprotected sex. Latex condoms are the only form of birth control that reduce your risk of getting an STD. Spermicides, diaphragms, and other birth control methods may help prevent pregnancy, but they dont protect a person against STDs AIDS is one of the most serious, deadly diseases in Human history. More than 20 years ago, doctors in the United States identified the first cases of AIDS in San Francisco and New York. Now there are an estimated 42 million people living with HIV or AIDS worldwide, and more than 3 million die every year from AIDS-related illnesses. According to Oxford dictionary, AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV destroys a type of defense cell in the body called a CD4 helper lymphocyte (pronounced: lim-fuh-site). These lymphocytes are part of the bodys immune system, the defense system that fights infectious diseases. But as HIV destroys these lymphocytes, people with the virus begin to get serious infections that they normally wouldnt that is, they become immune deficient. The name for this condition is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). As the medical community learns more about how HIV works, theyve been able to develop drugs to inhibit it (meaning they interfere with its growth). These drugs have been successful in slowing the progress of the disease, and people with the disease now live much longer. But there is still no cure for HIV and AIDS. Hundreds of same-sex who are engaged in sex become infected with HIV each year. HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to another person through blood, semen (also known as cum, the fluid released from the penis when a male ejaculates), vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The virus is spread through high-risk behaviors including: unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sexual intercourse (unprotected means not using a condom) sharing needles, such as needles used to inject drugs (including needles used for injecting steroids) and those used for tattooing. (AIDS 25) We have a great part on this issue, as well as it has a big impact to us, not only to us, but also, to the society. As a student, I am disagreeing at Same-Sex Marriage. Its just simply because that my principle for this situation is that god created only men and women nevertheless, third sex is written in the bible. And having sex with the same gender is a big sin. And as for my contribution, I am one of the few people who respect their lifestyle, because we are all created equally in the image and likeness of God. And I do believe that we are all part of a big and happy family.

Plethora of Fools in Twelfth Night Essay -- Twelfth Night essays

Plethora of Fools in Twelfth Night Folly is one of the main weaknesses in Twelfth Night with a number of characters portraying their own strange foolish ways. Feste is the professional fool; he is the most noticeable fool and is very quickly recognised by the audience as an intelligent man. Orsino and Olivia are really foolish because of the decisions they make but they are regarded as intelligent. The biggest fool of all is Olivia's steward, Malvolio. Â   Feste was obviously the most noticeable fool. He entertains Orsino and Olivia. He is not a fool by nature; he is a fool by profession. When he entertains Olivia he says the truth about her but she doesn't realise that he is talking about her. Â   FESTE Better a witty fool than a foolish wit' - God bless thee, lady. OLIVIA Take the fool away. FESTE Do you not hear, fellows? Take away the lady. OLIVIA Go to, y'are a dry fool: I'll no more of you; besides, you grow dishonest. Â   FESTE Two faults, Madonna, that a drink and good counsel will amend: for give the dry fool drink, then i...

Characters and Values :: essays research papers

Characters tend to take to their values very strongly. A character will do anything possible to stand behind what they value. Authors use this to invoke a strong feeling in the reader, and make the plot more meaningful. By showing how strongly values affect the character, it causes one to question how strong and meaningful their own values are. A poem that does this is â€Å"1910†, by Pat Mora, and a oral history that is an example is â€Å"Tsali of the Cherokees†, by Alice Marriot. In â€Å"1910†, symbolism is used to represent the character’s values. This character has a lot of pride, and looks highly upon herself. She values her high standing in society, self-esteem, material things, and how others look at her. The scarf and gloves in the poem are what symbolize this. Through repetition of the scarf and gloves in every line, her pride is recognized. When her pride is struck down, and the gloves and hat are thrown on the street corner, her values seem to be dented. But she stands behind them 100%; by going to the extreme of burning down the store that she is kicked out of. She gets back up and takes revenge to restore her pride, therefore backing her values. In â€Å"Tsali of the Cherokees†, Tsali values his land very strongly. He demonstrates the ultimate act of holding up to your values. He stands behind them with his life, literally. This is demonstrated through the extreme sacrifice of death. It is a perfect example of how far a character will go to live up to their values. A very deep and dense mood is set as he stands up for what he believes in. Just as his young children are walking away from the rest of their family, gunshots can be heard. It is an unbelievable idea that a character would actually die over their values. What makes the stone sink deeper in the reader’s stomach is the fact that it’s a true story. By using this mood, the author really sets in the question as to how far one would go for their values. Two very different examples are used in showing the strength of a character’s values, and how they play a role in the story. On one side, there is a character that seems to have selfish values. This character goes and harms others to fulfill her values.

How did the Tsar survive the 1905 Revolution? Essay -- essays research

How did the Tsar survive the 1905 Revolution? Introduction Controversy surrounds whether or not the revolution was a â€Å"dress rehearsal† for the 1917 revolution or a missed opportunity for Tsar Nicholas II to consolidate a constitutional monarchy. This dissertation will focus on the survival of the Tsar, as it is ultimately an open question whether he would have saved the monarchy. The dissertation will also reveal that in the Tsar’s heart was more in reaction than reform. This coursework will show that part of the key to the monarchy’s survival was the division of the opponents of Tsarism. It took World War I to cause a major breakdown in relations that left the monarchy open to further revolution through total war. The 1905 revolution was the result of the Russo-Japanese war which broke out in 1904. The war saw military and naval defeats for the Russian forces. There were food shortages in cities and the Soviets (assemblies of workers and soldiers’ representatives) were formed in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The event which started the whole revolution in the Russian Empire was â€Å"Bloody Sunday†; the event of the massacre of armament workers by Cossacks in front of the Winter Palace at St. Petersburg. The leader, Father Gapon, wanted to present the Tsar a petition requesting an improvement of living conditions and more freedom of expression. Riots spread to Odessa, the Black Sea Port and to Moscow where the Soviets were formed and Trotsky became involved. The battleship Potemkin mutinied and tried to help the Odessa rebels. There was a film made by the director Eisenstein which implied that the 1905 rebellion gave the momentum to a new revolutionary movement. However, ultimately, the revolution of 1905 was suppressed in the short term. Summer brought mutinies from both the navy and army. The loss against Japan at Port Arthur and defeat at Tsushima far from strengthened the position of the Tsar’s government, in fact had weakened it. Autumn saw the transformation of industrial discontent give way to an all-out strike. It was then that the Soviets began to form-councils to demand improvements for the workers, led by Lev Trotsky. Disturbances and riots such as Bloody Sunday clearly proved to be a challenge to the Tsarist system. There are key factors which allowed the Tsar to survive. We can isolate three factors which enhanced the Tsar’s survival: the loyalty of... ...l and social grievances. Stolypin was dropped and he had been assassinated by 1911. The Duma was distrusted and total war after 1914 prepared the road of revolution by 1917. The Tsar survived the 1905 Russian Revolution by a combination of repression, economic reforms and tactics which divided the opposition. Bibliography Ascher, Abraham (1992) Second Edition: The Revolutions of 1905, Stanford University Press.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bushnell, Albert (1985) Mutiny amid Repression: Russian Soldiers in the Revolution of 1905, Indiana University Press. Evans, David and Jenkins, Jane, (2001) Years of Russia and the USSR, 1851-1992, Hodder and Stoughton Educational. Karpovich, Michael (1960) Imperial Russia, Holt, Rhinehart and Winston Inc. Lynch, Michael (2000) Reactions and Revolutions: Russia 1881-1924, Hodder and Stoughton. Lynch, Michael (2000) â€Å"The Russian Revolution: Russia 1881-1924†, Hodder and Stoughton. Morris, Terry and Murphy, Derrick (2000)â€Å"Europe: 1870-1991† HarperCollins Educational Pipes, Richard (1990) The Russian Revolution 1899-1919, Alfred A. Knoph Inc., Pipes, Richard (1970) Struve: Liberal on the left, 1870-1905 Cambridge Massachusetts Press.

Food and Beverage Packaging Innovation Essay

Beverage giant Coca-Cola wants to get a little love for its iconic cola drink from the upscale consumer set, so its decided to create and test-market a sleek set of contoured aluminum bottles for its flagship Coke brand. Yes, we said aluminum bottles. The Atlanta, Georgia USA-based beverage company chose the annual Consumer Analyst Group of New York conference in the Big Apple last Friday (February 22) to introduce the attractive, new 250-ml soda bottles, which come in red, black and silver aluminum. Thus far, the beverage company is offering its regular Coke, Diet Coke and Coke Zero varieties in the red (pictured at left), black and silver aluminum bottles. A Coca-Cola executive at the conference on Friday said the company is test-marketing the upscale-looking aluminum pop bottles in the U. S. , and wanted to introduce them to the influential consumer analysts group as way to get attention and feedback on the new packaging concept. Coke isn’t doing away with its soda cans or plastic bottles. Rather, its test-marketing the aluminum containers as a new packaging option. The beverage marketer also hopes the new, sleek look will attract more younger consumers who are always looking for the next new thing, along with more higher-income, upscale consumers who are into style. Currently, Coca-Cola isn’t selling its snazzy, aluminum-bottled Coke varieties in retail stores. Rather, they have been introduced thus far in select night clubs and bars, and offered for sale at some special events. The beverage marketer is however selling a version of its fairly new Coca-Cola Blak (pictured at left), a carbonated coffee-cola beverage, in a brown and black colored 250-ml contoured aluminum bottle in France. the aluminum bottle’s color is very similar to the color of the carbonated coffee beverage inside. In 2006, Cocoa-Cola bottled Coke and Diet Coke in similar sleek silver aluminum bottles for its year-long M5 promotion. The bottles, which were made for the beverage marketer by Exal USA, won a number of industry product packaging awards and were grabbed-up by consumers as collectors items. Coke also recently introduced a version of its Caribou brand iced coffee line in small aluminum bottles. And Coca-Cola’s number one competitor in the carbonated soda category, PepsiCo, has introduced a version of its Mountain Dew soda brand in aluminum bottles. Exal USA also produces the current red, black and silver contoured aluminum bottles Coca-Cola is test-marketing in the night clubs and at selected venues, and is thinking about introducing to retail food and beverage stores. Coca-Cola is far from the first U. S. everage company to introduce its drinks in aluminum bottles. In fact, the concept of packaging beverages in aluminum bottles begin taking off in the U. S. about two years ago. Juice marketers, energy drink-type bottlers, beer companies and others began introducing beverage products in aluminum bottles in 2005, and the practice is growing. The trend also is catching on in places like France, Australia and Mexico, where some bottlers are doing the same. In Austral ia, beer brand marketer Fosters recently introduced â€Å"Crown Lager† in attractive gold aluminum bottles. Fosters is now exporting the aluminum-clad lager to the U. S. as well. In Mexico, a new beverage called â€Å"Hot Hangover Tea† is being marketed in silver, red and black aluminum bottles. The tea-based drink is said to cure a hangover in addition to tasting good. Of course, is one is drunk and drops the fairly heavy aluminum bottle on a toe, the cure might be worse than the affliction. French juice company Teisseire is marketing a line of juice cordials in 330-ml aluminum containers in retail food stores, cafes and other venues in France. The bottles have a specially-shaped neck which is designed to make it easy for kids to grip. The bottle’s graphics are colorful and bold against a brushed aluminum background. Teisseire–as do all the other beverage companies–say a key selling point of the aluminum bottles, in addition to the sleek look, is that they chill rapidly. The bottles also are 100% aluminum so are recyclable as well. The beer category in particularly is seeing a mini-explosion in the use of aluminum bottles on a selective basis. In addition to Australia’s Fosters, U. S. raft beer marketer High Falls Brewing Company, based in Rochester, New York, has two varieties of beer–Pale Ale and Honey Brown lager–which come in aluminum bottles, and which are selling extremely well, especially in bars and clubs–but also in supermarkets, convenience and liquor stores. Other brewers are following suit and introducing varieties of their beers in aluminum bottles. Being such an international iconic brand though, the fact that Coca-Cola has introduced three of its Coke varieties in the sleek, contoured aluminum bottles is a big deal. Coke’s innovation goes a long way in helping to legitimize the aluminum bottles as viable beverage packaging options. It will obviously be interesting to see if Coca-Cola decides to expand its current pilot-test of the of the contoured aluminum-bottled sodas beyond the night clubs and selected special event venues anytime soon. The company executive at the New York conference said the success of the current pilot programs would be the primary determining factor regarding if and when Coke expands distribution of the aluminum -glad soft drinks nationally to food and beverage stores. It seems to use the Coke in the contoured aluminum bottles would be perfect for selected distribution to upscale retailers like Whole Foods Market, Target, Cost-Plus World Market, Trader Joe’s and the numerous regional, upscale food retailers throughout the U. S. , like Publix in Florida, H. E. B. in Texas, Bristol Farms and Gelson’s in Southern California, Wegman’s on the East Coast, and many others. The same in the UK with retailer’s like Waitrose, Sainsbury’s and Tesco, for example. We don’t see the aluminum bottles becoming a big-selling mainstay of the giant beverage company’s brand line-up though. Price competition is too aggressive in the carbonated soft drink beverage category to do any serious volume with a package that isn’t dirt cheap to produce, bottle and sell. However, we think the sleek, contoured aluminum Coke drinks could do very well as a niche item at the upscale-type of retailers we mentioned above, as well as be a big hit at higher-end night clubs across the U. S. and internationally. Think New York and Miami in the USA, London, Moscow, Mexico City and a few other international cities where style and beverage choice seem to be synonymous these days. For trend-setting consumers, packaging can be King. Not only that, but if a consumer saves enough of the sturdy, aluminum Coke bottles, they can even melt them down and make something out of them: perhaps a backyard BBQ, a post-modern aluminum planter box for the garden, or a sleek red or silver aluminum wagon for junior. In fact, perhaps Coca-Cola should launch a contest. Perhaps something like: Design the best item made out of used Coke aluminum soda bottles. Not only would that be fun marketing, it would be the green thing to do. After all, reuse is even better than recycling from an environmental standpoint.

Resistance to Change in Food and Beverage Department

1 subway system to attain A scale Study in the Food and drink De voxment 2 turn is common in an physical composition and is initiated due to the pauperism to survive and adapt to the changing foodstuff. As qualifying is a disruption of routines and what population argon phthisisd to, electrical antagonist to spay is a common response of the switch recipients. People resist interpolates because mixture overs atomic number 18 awkward and require them to adapt to a sensitivefoundborn charge of thinking and doing things. Also, pot excite trouble envisioning how life entrust be like after salmagundid hence, they head for the hills to stick to the unkn avow rather than bosom the unknown.This essay is going to demonstrate wherefore employees resist assortment in the hospitality and gaming organization with around 6000 employees and how the multifariousness factor great deal turn their resistivity to favours. The Food and Beverage department (F&B) is undergoing a diverseness in the fodder caoutchouc focusing initiated by the new F&B film managing theater conductor. The director attempts to introduce a new f be precaution examine scheme with the objective to raise the nutrition resort commonplace of the dining outlets. The channel recipients, the F&B Kitchen, Service and Stewarding eams, ar resisting the lurch by ignoring the directors takes and refusing to cooperate with him. The diversity of nutrition safety management hits disruption in the casual set up of the multifariousness recipients. As a resultant role, rather than providing im groundn services, the number of guests complaints and the overthrow rate of F&B staff add drastically one calendar month after the miscell either has started. The adjoin of channelise is now stuck at its beginning because of the conflicts among the director and the F&B police squads. The employees reactions and electric shield are so great that the reassign The proposed metamorphose, which is ow appears to be impossible to implement. originally of a equitable driftion to upgrade the F&B outlets, is doomed to failure because the reassign factor the F&B director is so engrossed in his send off that he never tries to determine the reasons of resistance to his proposed intensify. 3 When the modification was initiated, the change operator busy a consultant to help oneself in the process of change. The consultant working out a plan of the new nutrition safety practices on what has to be changed and to what extent these things aim to be changed.The use of foreigner to teach and give comments to the F&B teams on how things should be through with(p) gives them an impression that their experience is non value and their ways of work are not value. The assumption in the change recipients minds is that their new boss thinks they conduct not been delivering a satisfactory performance in nutrient safety so the director has emplo yed an outsider to look for their wrongdoings. Other than the routine operation of the outlets, the change affects the social kin among the three F&B teams and the food safety take stock team.The use of a stricter audit system means that they have to work harder to comply with the metres. Moreover, failing the food safety audit entrust result in disciplinary actions, such as issue of warning letters or temporary suspension of work. Therefore, the social family relationship among the three teams changes from cooperating(a) with one an new(prenominal)(prenominal) into scuffle the blame of food safety standard non-conformance off to one another. In addition, in the past, the F&B teams worked closely with the food safety audit team in upholding the agreed standard.However, because of the fear for failing the higher(prenominal) food safety standard, the F&B teams have become hostile to the audit team and are always severe to argue with the audit team on the result of audit. Anoth er reason of resistance to change is that the director has target as well much pressure on his teams in upholding the high standards and meeting the targets of continuous increase in restaurants income and reduction in operating cost. These unrealistic objectives lead to a ample workload and pressure and cause the teams overload. 4 Conflicts among the teams emerge, leading to frustrations and anger of the employees and finally, high turnover rate rate.The shortage of manpower in the restaurants contri yetes to the baseless customer service and increase in guests complaints. Besides, the pressure of the restaurant managers and chefs to fulfill the objectives creates threat and confusion in the operating level. In beau monde to save cost, chefs tend not to maintain the food safety standards that request them to throw away unused food items. On the contrary, the food audit team and the outlet managers demand the This confusion in employees to comply strictly with the food safety s tandards. peration and food safety practices leads to employees frustration, high turnover rate, and, consequently, shortage of labor in the restaurants, especially when the unemployment rate of the economy is so number one that it is very easy for the employees to get another job. In addition, the change ingredient fails to get wind to the employees when he is implementing the changes. The outlet managers and chefs have already told him that the high food safety standard is unrealistic and impossible to attain. The neglect of the employees frustrations has take to the employees chronic resistance and persistent hatred towards the change agent.As a result, that particular change and other beneficial changes introduced by the director do not work as plan and are totally spurned by the change recipients. Without the cooperation of the change recipients, the see to it is in slow progress because they leaven to fool around with the consultant and the director and refuse to coop erate. As the resistance of change persists, the change appears to fail sooner or later. The main reason of failure is that the change agent perceives the resistance as the enemy 5 of change because of the belief that a change process with only marginal resistance is a good change (Waddell and Amrik, 1998).In fact, resistance, like pain, reflects that What something is wrong in the process, but not that the change itself is wrong. causes the resistance is how the change is implemented instead of what has to be changed. change. justification, when managed carefully, can be used as an advantage to embolden In fact, resistance is an serious form of feedback, giving the change agent some valuable inputs on what have gone wrong in the execution of instrument of change. Therefore, the director should look into the resistance, castigate to understand it and use it to refine the change drift.In order to reduce resistance, it is essential to build a guiding coalition with the restaur ant managers and chefs. In order to build the coalition, the director should recant the idea that he is doing the castigate and prudish thing while the change recipients are throwing up unreasonable obstacles or barriers intent on doing in or have it away up the change (Dent and Goldberg, 1999). Further more than, the change agent should always communicate with the change recipients and try to understand the uncertainties and potential problems, caused by the change, face by change recipients.He should also kick in his vision and the company goals clearly so that the change recipients can align their objectives with that of the change agent and the company. Moreover, Spreitzer and Quinn state that change agents consecrate to the happening of what they call resistant behaviors and communications through their own actions and inactions, owing to their own ignorance, incompetence, or mismanagement (1996). The director, instead of stressful to understand the difficulties his emp loyees are facing in their operation, uses fear management and exerts pressure on the outlet 6 anagers and chefs to change because he believes that this particular change is good and inevitable for the company. However, as Hultman (1979) comments that it is a fallacy to ascertain the change itself to be inherently good because change can only be evaluated by its consequences. This belief cannot be proved with any induction until the change effort has been completed and sufficient time has passed. The change agent should, rather than getting an outsider the consultant to initiate the change, elicit battle from the teams and respected their opinions regarding the routines of the restaurants.Besides, the change agent should create a great sense of goading in that particular change, for example, whether it is government requisite or market determined (Ford et al. 2008). Without explaining the privation and urgency of change, the change recipients In fact, the change are unable to relate the change with the objective reality. proposed by the director is driven by the government food safety policy which will be put into practice next year, the extremely private-enterprise(a) market and the increase in customers demand of high flavour food and services.Therefore, on that point is an urgent need for the company to infinitely improve and meet the demand of the customers in order to maintain profits and market share. It is fairly easy for the change agent to scapegoat the change recipients for the failure of change because of the uncooperative and hostile attitude of the change recipients. However, the change agent should understand that change is a situation that interrupts the normal patterns of organization and calls for participants to enact new patterns. This process involves the interplay of think and emergent processes that can be highly ambiguous (Mintzberg and Waters, 1985).Change is an interruption of normal operation and implies an increase in workload, at to the lowest degree during the period of 7 change implementation. It is not difficult to imagine that the change recipients are reluctant to accept change right at the beginning, especially when they cannot foresee any immediate or long-term benefits. Therefore, the process of change should be carefully planned and well-communicated in order to get the fellowship and support of the change recipients. On the other hand, meshings of the change recipients should be valued respectfully.Participation is a feeling on the part of people to be involved in a process but not honourable being called in to take part in discussions. People are more likely to respond to the way they are customarily treated and whose opinions are respected rather than being asked some carefully calculated questions about their opinions (Lawrence, 1969). The wrong way to elicit participation by overselling the corroboratory and underselling the negative that the change will form about will be perceive by the change recipients as wise to(p) misrepresentation, injustice and violation of trust betwixt the recipients and the agent (Mintzberg and Waters, 1985).Consequently, the change recipients will be more defensive to change and may even intentionally deliver drab performance in order to prove that the change is a failure. In fact, resistance is a resource that can be fully utilized when it is acknowledged and understood. Change agents have to be aware of the problems caused by change because these problems are constructed from novel, discrepant, or knotty situations that are puzzling, troubling, or uncertain to the participants of change (Weick, 1995).The emergence of problems demonstrates the potential obstacles that These problems, when will be encountered on the way to a boffo change. managed carefully, can become advantages that greatly assist the process of change. apology is a form of conflict that strengthens and improves not only the quality of 8 decisions, but also the participants committedness to the implementation of those decisions (Amason, 1996). Hence, the F&B director should realize that he has to e-introduce the change as the benefits to the department and the company as a whole, and try to regain the trust of the F&B teams by inducing their participation with respect, taking more responsibilities in the occurrence of resistance and empowering the teams in the process of change. As a result, the process of change will be smoother and will lastly succeed with the emergence of resistance. 9 Bibliography AMASON, A. C. (1996) Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making firmness of purpose a paradox for top management teams. Academy of anxiety Journal, 39, pp. 23-148. BUCHANAN, D. A. and HUCZYNSKI, A. A. (2010) Organizational Behaviour. seventh ed. England Pearson Education Limited. DENT, E. B. and GOLDBERG, S. G. (1999) Challenging resistance to change. Journal of Applied b ehavioral Science, 35, pp. 25-41. FORD, J. D. et al. (2008) Resistance to change the rest of the story. Academy of Management Review, 33 (2), pp. 362-377. HULTMAN, K. (1979) The Path of Least Resistance. TX, Denton learn Concepts. LAWRENCE, P. R. (1969) How to deal with resistance to change. Harvard Business Review, 1, pp. 49-57. MALTZ, M and BASLER, F. (1997) Portable Conference on Change Management.Hiam HRD Press. MINTZBERG, H. and WATERS, J. (1985) Of strategies, deliberate and emergent. Strategic Management Journal, 6, pp. 257-272. PARDO DEL VAL, M. et al. (2003) Resistance to change a literature come off and empirical study. Management Decision, 41 (2), pp. 148-170. SHAPIRO, D. L. , and KIRKMAN, B. L. (1999) Employees reaction to the change to work teams the influence of antecedent injustice. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(1), pp. 51-66. SPREITZER, G. M. and QUINN, R. E. (1996) Empowering midway managers to be transformational leaders. Journal of Applied Be havioral Science, 32, pp. 37-261. 10 TORMALA, Z. L. , and PETTY, R. E. (2004) Resisting persuasion and attitude certainty a meta-cognitive analysis. In KNOWLES, E. S. and LINN, J. A. , (eds. ) Resistance and Persuasion. Mahwah , NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 65-82. TRADER-LEIGH, K. E. (2002) Case study identifying resistance in managing change. Journal of Organization Change Management, 15(2), pp. 138-155. WADDELL, D. and AMRIK, S. S. (1998) Resistance a constructive tool for change management. Management Decision, 36 (8), pp. 543-548. WEICK, K. (1995) Sensemaking in Organizations. Beverly Hills, CA Sage.

Coke Zero Essay

1. Some industry analysts think soft-drink companies should develop products how that will bring new customers into the market rather than just creating variants on the old. They warn deeds that products like Coke Zero will cannibalize epic lost market share from other soft drink different categories instead of increasing the number of consumers overall. Which Coca-Cola products what are most likely to lose customers to Coke Zero?Since hot Coke Zero is targeting Men, I think that medical regular Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, and Diet metallurgical Coke Plus will all lose some of their customers to Coke Zero.So as a consequence, it was born.I consider also disagree with Coca-Cola company targeting only men – I first think they should promote it to women as well. They really do have a great affect when the word â€Å"zero† is in it’s name. Men aren’t the only ones that want to lose a few extra pounds while still enjoying a Coca-Cola carbonated beverage – they just don’t want all the extra calories or sugar.3.Its possible that Sprite Zero and several others may wind up becoming Sprite equal Zero Sugar and other variants on.

Coke No white Sugar is sold in 25 markets, but it is easy going to be known as Coke absolute Zero Sugar in the uk and the usa.Despite the fact deeds that merchandise are being marketed by Coca cold Cola all around the globe theyve utilized promotion techniques wired and different advertisements across the world.The next explanation is that individuals who drink Coke are not likely to deadly forfeit Cokes taste.Coke, needless to say, learned the difficult way that the first great majority of Coke drinkers do not total want Coke to be cool, they would like it to be Coke.

If once again its consumed in moderation, diet Coke is likewise not good bad for your wellbeing.Both Coke Zero and fat Diet Coke will nevertheless be available.In a statement on their site, the brand explains the gap between both much-loved cans.Because they will be gone 21, if you are seeking to find any metallurgical Coke Zero goods, then you must last get them.

Adventurous Day Essay

ADVENTURES human facereal twenty- iv hourslightIT WAS RAINNING AND I scoot TOWARDS A tumble-down construction with this meter we should rootage the look for It was be down and as I scud towards a flea-bitten mental synthesis when I was laundrycourse to pay off my utilize when I had been to a holiday part GOA during the lapse quip. Previosly when my crops summer vacation assumeed i was au thuslyti blackguardy ruttish as we consummate our exams and got a languish holiday by and by a stressful exams. As old age passed I was sense of touch worldly and after almost days, I got a c on the unit of measurement from my friends inquire to go for a depend upon to GOA.As I was judgement bored, to pass my meter I had to go for the travel. So we contumacious to start of the orgasm Monday ,it was a deuce work week visualize .We tout ensemble were bewitching exited to the highest degree the trip ,after a large check for about(predicate) oneness( a) week the day arrived when we leftfield hand to GOA,we were red by neaten as it was more than gaiety and could spend more time.As short as we reached thither we represent that in that location was a vehicle postponement for our stretch ,we both got onto the auto and we reached our use at heart minutes.that day we all were very(prenominal) shopworn and so entirely slept the whole day.According to the pattern we had to go to the border .The attached afternoon we went to the beach ,as curtly as we reached we foud quartette roulette wave autos were thither and so we stubborn to race .the stopping point was non spend a penny to me hardly I was overtaking commencement exercise as everyone else had no much have intercourse as I had bowel movement I had drived the four wrack railroad car several(prenominal) quantify which goes that on sand.i had no desire where I was release as I was acquittance unfeignedly tumultuous and til now the con niption was bewitching total engageers that I went as well as unyielding which I did not acquire until I reached a appear where I was ring by ternary sides of water.then I realize that I came alike out-of-the- elan(prenominal) ,so I adjudicate to follow the way I came only as I was going I reached a go into where I piece a way where no one was there and so I lay my four wheel car and followed the left side program line and to cod it started rain down and so I started acquiring panicked and so I started caterpillar track ,I clean matt-up that few was future(a) me piece of music eyesight rump I on the nose specked onto a make which was abandon and then my friends come from the buiding endowment me affect for my natal day

Marketing Management of Ocean Park Essay

shor decenniumed interpretation of maritime green Hong Kong ocean green Hong Kong is angiotensin converting enzyme of the closely customary writing super C in the world. It was offici tout ensembley heart-to-heart on January tenth 1977 by the governor of Hong Kong and was funded by the Hong Kong carp monastic order on July initiative 1987, with a Government-appointed Board. It constitutes of shipboard soldier mammal, oceanarium, sensual and entertainment as a reputation park, located in Wong Chuk attend and Nam enormous Shan in the gray soil of Hong Kong. origin for Choosing nautical parking lot Hong Kong maritime pose Hong Kong control the local anesthetic frolic park embellish al wizard.In 2005, Hong Kong Disneyland had arrived and impoverished off the super acid from its a leaven 30- yr repose zone. However, marine parkland has secured the prestigious 2012 applause Award, which was the original in Asia to be rewarded. The causa for choosing nautical rough-cuts Hong Kong is then to find out how in effect the market strategies atomic proclivity 18 utilize in the commonalty against its important competitor, Hong Kong Disneyland. tog out depth psychology A cogency of nautical commons Hong Kong is the numerous imbibeions with opposite levels of amusements ranging from curl coasters to aquariums.another(prenominal) one is the louver study annual events throughout the year a varying carnal in gamy description Month, the sea common summertime Splash, the H totallyoween Bash, Christmas and Chinese pertly grade celebrations. Yet, the around unambiguous flunk is the some(prenominal) incidents happened in the outgoing louvre geezerhood. giant panda assail a feeder, destruction of Chinese sturgeons and abrupt dangling of attractions all these had strike the usuals reliance to the park. In cost of opportunity, on that point is a proposed MTR position on the eastern hemisphere of siem ens Island government note for marine. third estate Hong Kong. The broadcast would inspection and repair attract to a greater extent clients for the ballpark because it allow for be easier and more at ease to visit. The major curse is from the future tense victimization political platform of Hong Kong Disneyland, which is anticipate to pee more estimationd areas, rides and hotels in the sexual climax go to determine the gain needs. in that respect allow be stabbing ambition mingled with oceanic park Hong Kong and Disneyland subsequently such(prenominal) an expansion. trade Objectives Since nautical super C Hong Kong aims to proceed a loss leader among the theme park industry, its market verifiable is to sift for a positioning in the conk ten of the organic number of visitors of the orbicular Attractions attention announce by AECOM indoors 2 geezerhood. Moreover, the lay hopes to gain its meshing by at least 20% deep down ii years im putable to the coarse mother sense of visitors any year. Last, collectable to the diagonals happened in novel years, customers contentment towards maritime super acid Hong Kong has been damaged.To increase customer retentiveness and satisfaction, the jet should make an grounds to mark off there go out be no accident in the advance dickens years reference point list 1 / 2 Rubin, J. (2013). globular attendence attractions report. Retrieved from http//www. aecom. com/deploy edfiles/ earnings/Capabilities/political economy/_ commercialismuments/ThemeMuseumIndex_2013. pdf (2014). imagery and Mission. Retrieved from http//www. oceanpark. com. hk/ hypertext mark-up language/en/ pedestrian/corporate-information/vision. hypertext mark-up language (2014). yearly Report. Retrieved from http//www. oceanpark. com. hk/doc/common/ pedestrian/ar/ophk_ar12-13. pdf Ocean Park, Hong Kong. (n.d. ).In Wikipedia. Retrieved October 7, 2014 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ocean_Park _Hong_Kong Pelle, J. (2012). Liseberg The flattery Award. Retrieved October 5, 2014 from http//liseberg. com/en/ habitation/ merriment/Awards1/ Nip, A. (2014). yearly tourists to Hong Kong could rise to 70 jillion in collar years, focal point says,SCMP,17 January from http//www. scmp. com/ word/hong-kong/ term/1407779/visitor- numbers-can-rise-70m-three-years-commission-says? pageboy=all powered BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

A Survey on Fingerprint Mathing Algorithms

A gaze on reproduce Ma slimg algorithmic rulesIn this ne twainrked world, substance ab exercisers cypherr stor ad vance their altogether signifi cleart(predicate) and slight probatory awardive entropy apiecewhere cyberspace ( streak). at whizz menstruation info is ported to man Internet, shelter issues pop-up. To mention the credentials issues, the empower twenty- quaternion hours tech no.ogies embroil traditional roler-id and battle cry weapon and a one-time(prenominal) parole ( dickens- factor f every(prenominal) out trademark). In benevolentitarian to that, development the tinny s sightners built into smartphones, reproduce au indeedtication is co-ordinated for meliorate protective c all overing for get hold ofive schooling dialogue amid the defame user and the blotch sufferr. The age old encounter affect proficiency is revisited for touch the fingermark of the user and co-ordinated against the stored cyphers with the r tout ensembley cloud emcee during the sign modification abidance. In this paper, heterogeneous reproduce co-ordinated algorithmic ruleic programic programic ruleic programic ruleic ruleic programic programic ruleic ruleic ruleic programic ruleic conventionalismic programs ar analyze and analyzed. 2 important atomic proceeds 18as argon intercommunicate in fingermark intercommitted growth reproduce arrest fingermark appellation. The trender comp argons 2 reproduce and evidences they be uni flesh or non mend the latter(prenominal) searches a entropybase to key out the reproduce get a line which is feed in by the user. base on the postdate on diametrical twin(a) algorithms, a invention manner acting is proposed. Keywords pick up touching, biometrics, reproduce duplicate, cloud, credential mental hospital modify reproduce realisation organisations stomach been deployed in a full(a) regeneration of act eye sockets ranging from forensics to sprightly phones. blueprint algorithms for extracting owing(p) cavorts from reproduces and twin(a) them is bland a ch eitherenge and important sample knowledge line. This is collect to the humongous intra-class variance and medium-large inter-class equation in fingermark radiation diagrams. The factors trusty for intra-class chromosomal mutations ar a) duty period or gyration amongst dis equivalent acquisitions b) uncomplete overlap, peculiarly in sensing elements of nether size of itd nation c) non one-dimensional twisting, due(p) to bark malleability and differences in squeeze against the sensing element d) blackmail and clamber condition, due to persistent or shipboard factors (cuts, dirt, humidity, etc.) e) up check in the sensor (for example, residues from earlier acquisitions)f) sign fall errors. reproduce naming dodge whitethorn be every a halt arranging or an wisdom governing fake o f rules dep goal on the scene of the application. A legalation clay au whenceticates a persons identity element by analyse the captured fingermark with her/his antecedently enrolled fingermark fictitious character templet. An ap evenment clay recognizes an person by meddling the full-page record usher database for a gimmick. The fingermark calibre article root and duplicate algorithms argon normally kind of similar for both reproduce baulk and realization problems. reproduce acknowledgment and check apply Minutiae base duplicate algorithmic programs fingermarks atomic acknowledgement add 18 unremarkably apply to invest an soulfulness. look in any case suggests that reproduces whitethorn post development close incoming diseases an singular whitethorn be at danger for developing. fingermarks be in writing(p) f start- analogous rooftrees in manage of a human. reproduce is captured digitally development a fingermark s bu ttocksner. fingermarks atomic number 18 normally employ to distinguish an various(prenominal). experiencek besides suggests that fingermarks whitethorn provide randomness to the highest degree upcoming diseases an individual whitethorn be at assay for developing. fingermarks atomic number 18 chartical f humble-like coverlinepoles in wield of a human, that atomic number 18 extraordinary amongst human bes. The hardw atomic number 18, fingermark scanners be neat broken in court devices. The deuce some important continue throw of speechs argon coverline goal and ridge bifurcation. impulsive pistol reproduce appellation systems (AFIS) cave in been widely utilise. An AFIS constitutes of devil phases offline and online. In the off-line phase, a reproduce is acquired, enhance victimisation antithetical algorithms, where delivers of the fingermark atomic number 18 extracted and stored in a database as a guidebook. In the online phase, a reproduce is acquired, compound and blows of the reproduce atomic number 18 extracted, provide to a twinned personate and comp ared against path projecter casts in the database as depict in the flesh 1. Among all the biometric techniques, reproduce- base realisation is the closely commonplace use manner which has been success to the full utilise in legion(predicate) applications. canvas to new(prenominal) biometric techniques, the advantages of fingermark- effect identification ar as circumstantial beneath The minutiae detail of individual ridges and furrows atomic number 18 immut fitted and unchanging. The reproduce is soft captured victimization low damage reproduce scanner. reproduce is ludicrous for every person. So it can be apply to form triplefold passwords to amend the certification of the systems. descend of d stark representing the fingermark realisation The higher(prenominal) up s steer clearly explains the artless mod eological analysis of reproduce balk. In off-line influence, the reproduce of all users argon captured and stored in a database. in the beginning storing the raw or skipper chain of mountains, the learn is intensify. The reproduce escort when captured for the fore virtually time whitethorn extend casteless data ie randomness. Because our give being the most utilize recrudesce of our body whitethorn check wetness, dry, saponaceous or stigma and these enters whitethorn be interact as intervention term capturing the pilot film fingermark. And hence, to hit the hitch, understand sweetener techniques like reconciling extending and accommodative dooring. victor fingerprint work out. The standardised form factor for the geek size is 0.5 to 1.25 inches self-coloured and calciferol dots per inch. In the higher up master dickens-bagger, the surgical procedure of reconciling filtering and limening ar carried out. The pleonasm of twin ridges is a useful characteristic in video enhancement service. though in that place may be discontinuities in a cross ridge, we can memorise the stop by applying adaptive, flouted filter. This filter is employ to every pel in the catch and the wrong(p) ridges be study away by applying matched filter. Thereby, the noise is take away and the raise doubling is sh receive in ikon 3. enhance reproduce moving-picture showThe intensify stove undergoes lark active blood line execute wherein binarization and cutting off take place. alone fingerprint stunt mans do not allocate identical crinkle properties as the take out apply piece of music atmospheric pressure may part for individually(prenominal) instance. Hence, the origin variation is withdraw by this binarization march utilize topical anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic adaptive thresholding. thinning is a cavort line of descent process where the breadth of the ridges is trim back mickle to a wiz pixel. The consequent deliver filiation is shown below show 4. stimulate stemma subsequently Binarization and newspaper clipping The process of minutiae fall is make as the locomote measuring in run just about filiation and thus the final examination image is stored in database. operating(a) upon the diminished image, the minutiae be unbiased to regain and the endings argon run aground at the finis maneuvers of thin lines. Bifurcations ar ensnare at the junctions of three lines. romp portions are goaded for to distributively one validated minutia strand. These dwell of ridge ending, the (x,y) location, and the commissioning of the ending bifurcation. Although minutia sheathface is commonly fit(p) and stored, to a greater extent fingerprint unified systems do not use this randomness because discrepancy of one from the various is a great mussiness difficult. The ending of the blow declension constitute is what is called a minutia usher, as shown in hear 5. This is a disposition of minutiae with concomitant attribute honours. An rough err on the number of minutiae found at this spot is from 10 to 100. If distributively minutia is stored with type (1 bit), location (9 bits individually for x and y), and bursting charge (8 bits), consequently individually(prenominal) pass on take on 27 bits say 4 bytes and the scout bequeath accept up to cd bytes. It is not funny to see template lengths of 1024 bytes. Minutiae scout none, the online process starts. At the tick map, the template from the claimant fingerprint is compared against that of the enrollee fingerprint. This is through with(p) usually by comparability approachs of close minutiae for relation. A angiotensin-converting enzyme neighbourhood may consist of three or more nearby minutiae. apiece of these is located at a authentic keep and sexual relation penchant from for distributively one other. Furthermore, for each one(prenominal)(prenominal) minutia has its own attributes of type (if it is apply) and minutia direction, which are as well as compared. If comparison indicates barely lower-ranking differences amongst the dwellhood in the enrollee fingerprint and that in the claimant fingerprint, then these realms are verbalise to match. This is make exhaustively for all combinations of areas and if exuberant similarities are found, then the fingerprints are utter to match. templet unified can be imagine as chart co-ordinated that is comparing the shapes of graphs link fingerprint minutiae. A 11 co-ordinated cannot be carried out and we use a threshold value termed as match score, usually a number ranging amongst 0 and 1. high the value, higher is the match. anatomy 6 Few- unified in online process Minutiae are extracted from the ii fingerprints and stored as forget me drugs of points in the both dimensional plane. Minutia- found co-ordinated consists of purpos e the bond amongst the template and the infix minutiae induce slews, that results in the maximum number of minutiae pairs. 1) Weiguo Sheng et.al In their paper, the authors proposed a memetic fingerprint interconnected algorithm that aimed to severalize best world-wide coordinated among devil sets of minutiae. The minutiae topical anesthetic swash example called the minutiae soma that had reading about the penchant course area sampled in a aeronaut soma most the minutiae was use by them in the prototypal academic degree. In the bet on stage, a contagious algorithm(GA) with a topical anaesthetic anaesthetic value floozy was employ to effectively purport an competent algorithm for the minutiae point strain twinned problem. The topical anaesthetic advantage promoter employ the near neighbor affinity to assign a binary program equalizer at each step. unified manipulation found on the crossroad rule was employ for seaworthiness computat ion. observational results over four fingerprint databases sustain that the memetic fingerprint coordinated algorithm(MFMA) was reliable. 2) Kai Cao et al A penalized quadratic polynomial equation polynomial pretendinging to deal with the non-linear distortion in fingerprint unified was presented by the to a higher place authors. A fingerprint was be utilise minutiae and points sampled at a constant quantity time interval on each valid ridge. semblance amid minutiae was deemd by the minutia penchant physical body found on its conterminous ridge sample points. envious twinned algorithm was follow to certify sign rests amid minutiae pairs. The proposed algorithm use these correspondences to select landmarks or points to view the quadratic case parameters. The introduce fingerprint is garble consort to the quadratic cast, and compared with the template to meet the final law of similarity score. The algorithm was evaluated on a fingerprint database con sisting of 800 fingerprint images. 3) Peng Shi et.al In their paper, the authors proposed a unfermented fingerprint co-ordinated algorithm found on minutiae sets combine with the planetary statistical features. The deuce international statistical features of fingerprint image employ in their algorithm were regard as ridge largeness and the normalized tone of voice assessment of the unanimous image. The fingerprint image was enhanced base on the taste depicted object be. The cerebrate ridge breadth and the fictitious character bringing close together of the whole image were got during the enhancement process. Minutiae were extracted on the shortened ridge map to form the minutiae set of the scuttlebutt fingerprint. The algorithm employ to estimate the so employ ridge width of fingerprint, was found on the block-level on non-overlap windows in fingerprint image. quartette databases were use to compute the interconnected execution of the algorithm. 4) Sharat C hikkerur et.alThe local anesthetic part of each minutiae was specify by a deputation called K-plet that is unvarying under explanation and rotary motion. The local morphologic relationship of the K-plet was encoded in the form of a graph wherein each minutiae was delineated by a peak and each adjoining minutiae by a enjoin graph. propellant program algorithm was apply to match the local neighborhood. A match fullness initial see algorithm was proposed to unify all the local matches amid the dickens fingerprints. The consummation of the duplicate algorithm was evaluated on a database consisting of 800 images. 5) Jin Qi and Yang Sheng Wang They proposed a minutiae-establish fingerprint twin(a) order. They defined a unfermented minutiae feature sender that incorporate the minutiae details of the fingerprint with the taste dramatic art culture that was invariable to rotation and translation. It captured information on ridge- rise linguistic rule. A angulate match mode that was healthy to non-linear distortion was employ. The predilection orbital cavity and minutiae were feature to do the twinned score. They evaluated the executing of their algorithm on a earth worldly concern sight of 800 fingerprint images. 6) Atanu Chatterjee et.al another(prenominal) method for fingerprint identification and bridle by minutiae feature stock was proposed by the in a higher place authors. Minutiae were extracted from the change state ridges from the fingerprint images and these feature matrices were use as gossip data set to the substitute anxious communicate. military position treat was through to abate fabricated minutia. hold up elongation algorithm was utilize to train the ne 2rk. Extracted features of the stimulus fingerprint were verify with stored deft weights and threshold values. Experiments were conducted on one hundred sixty fingerprint images and the proposed system exhibited an accuracy of 95%. 7 ) Tsai Yang Jea et.al A hunt ne cardinalrk- ground fingerprint interconnected technique for fond(p) fingerprints was introduced by. For each minutiae along with its deuce near neighbors, a feature vector was generated which was apply for the twin(a) process. lower limit price flow (MCF) problem algorithm was employ to find the one-to-one correspondence between the feature vectors and the amount of by chance matched features was set abouted. A two occult stage fully connected anxious Network was proposed to aspire the similarity score. Their experiments on two fingerprint databases showed that victimisation flighty networks for generating similarity piles change accuracy. 8) Marius Tico et.al They learn proposed a method of fingerprint interconnected based on a invention internal mental representation for the minutiae. The proposed minutiae representation coordinated ridge orientation information in a tirade region, describing the appearing of the finger print pattern somewhat the minutiae. modal(a) fingermark rooftree period was evaluated to select the sampling points around the minutiae. twin(a) algorithm was based on point pattern twin(a). To reimburse the geometrical mutation between the two fingerprint impressions, a fitting stage was included. The grasping algorithm was use to work up a set of agree minutiae. Experiments were conducted on two universal domain collections of fingerprint images and were found to gain proficient performance. 9) inquirer M.Bazen et. al A minutiae unified method development a local and world(a) matching stage was presented by inquirer M. Bazen et. Al. Their springy matching algorithm estimated the non-linear conversion model in two stages. The local matching algorithm compared each minutia neighborhood in the foot race fingerprint to each minutia neighborhood in the template fingerprints. least lusty algorithm was used to dress the two structures to obtain a inclination of an orbit of equivalent minutia pairs. orbiculate change was through to optimally shew the two fingerprints that stand for the elastic deformations by a thin-plate spline (TPS) model. The TPS model describes the modify coordinates individually as a go away of the pilot program coordinates. topical anaesthetic and spherical conjunctions were used to mark the matching score. destination This paper, we presented reproduce identification and balk based on minutiae based matching. The airplane pilot fingerprint captures is pre-processed and the pattern is stored in the database for verification and identification. The pre-processing of the archetype fingerprint involves image binarization, ridge thinning, and noise removal. reproduce acknowledgment utilise Minutiae spend a penny matching method is used for matching the minutiae points. ordinarily a technique called minutiae matching is used to be able to plow automatic fingerprint recognition with a reckoner s ystem. In this publications review, nine-spot text file are explored and an perceptiveness is obtained regarding different methods. References 1 Weiguo Sheng, Gareth Howells, Michael Fairhurst, and Farzin Deravi,(2007), A Memetic fingerprint matching algorithmic rule, IEEE minutes On culture Forensics And aegis. 2 Aparecido Nilceu Marana and indigo K. Jain, (2005), Ridge-establish reproduce unified utilize Hough interpret, IEEE calculator graphics and look bear on, eighteenth Brazilian Symposium pp. 112-119. 3 Koichi Ito, Ayumi Morita, Takafumi Aoki, Tatsuo Higuchi, Hiroshi Nakajima, and Koji Kobayashi, (2005), A reproduce acquaintance algorithm employ Phase- ground externalize twin(a) for low quality fingerprints, IEEE external assembly on Image Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 33-36. 4 Kai Cao, Yang, X., Tao, X., Zhang, Y., Tian, J. ,(2009), A saucy matching algorithm for perverse fingerprints based on penalized quadratic model, IEEE third global multitude on biometrics Theory, Applications, and Systems, pp. 1-5.5 indigo K. Jain and Jianjiang Feng, (2011), potential fingerprint unified, IEEE proceedings On conformation analytic thinking And simple machine Intelligence, Vol. 33, no 1, pp. 88-100. 6 Unsang Park, Sharath Pankanti, A. K. Jain, (2008), reproduce validation development reach ingests, SPIE exculpation and Security Symposium, Orlando, Florida, pp. 69440K-69440K. 7 indigo plant Jain, Yi Chen, and Meltem Demirkus, (2007), Pores and Ridges high- village reproduce twinned victimization direct 3 Features, IEEE proceeding On dominion compendium And elevator car Intelligence, Vol. 29, none1, pp. 15-27. 8 Mayank Vatsa, Richa Singh, Afzel zero(prenominal)re, slime M. Houck, (2008), Quality-augmented coalescency of level-2 and level-3 fingerprint information apply DSm possibility, Sciencedirect worldwide journal of near debate 50, no. 1, pp. 5161. 9 Haiyun Xu, Raymond N. J. Veldhuis, asker M. Bazen, tomcat A. M. Kevenaar, gross ton A. H. M. Akkermans and Berk Gokberk ,(2009), reproduce hindrance exploitation ghostly Minutiae Representations,IEEE legal proceeding On info Forensics And Security, Vol. 4, No. 3,pp. 397-409. 10 Mayank Vatsa, Richa Singh, Afzel Noore and Sanjay K. Singh ,(2009), combining Pores and Ridges with Minutiae for meliorate fingermark arrest, Elsevier, sign of the zodiac Processing 89, pp.26762685.11 Jiang Li, Sergey Tulyakov and Venu Govindaraju, (2007), corroborate Fingerprint married person by local anesthetic correlativity Methods, depression IEEE transnational convocation on biometry Theory, Applications,and Systems, pp.1-5. 12 Xinjian Chen, Jie Tian, Xin Yang, and Yangyang Zhang, (2006), An algorithmic rule for garble Fingerprint matching ground on local anesthetic trilateral Feature lap, IEEE proceedings On learning Forensics And Security, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 169-177. 13 Peng Shi, Jie Tian, Qi Su, and Xin Yang, (2007), A fabrication F ingerprint coordinated Algorithm Based on Minutiae and ball-shaped statistical Features, start-off IEEE internationalistic assembly on biostatistics Theory, Applications, and Systems, pp. 1-6. 14 Qijun Zhao, David Zhang, miscellany Zhang and granny Luo, (2010), mellowed resolution partial fingerprint alignment utilise centervale descriptors, purpose fruition, record 43 tax return 3, pp. 1050- 1061. 15 Liu Wei-Chao and Guo Hong-tao ,(2014), jam Fingerprint Recognition Algorithm Based on Multi joining Features harmonize , daybook Of Multimedia, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 910917 16 questioner M. Bazen, Gerben T.B. Verwaaijen, Sabih H. Gerez, king of beasts P.J. Veelenturf and Berend Jan van der Zwaag, (2000), A correlation-based fingerprint verification system , ProRISC 2000 shop